Roulette strategy: the honest maths
How roulette pays
The pocket is floor(float × 37) from one HMAC-SHA256 float: 0 to 36, each equally likely. The payouts are the standard table's: 35:1 on a number, 2:1 on a dozen or column, 1:1 on red, black, odd, even, low and high. Those odds would break even on a wheel with 36 pockets. With 37, every bet's expected value is p × (payout + 1) − 1 = −1/37.
What each bet does
| Bet | Pockets covered | Probability | Pays | Win, one in | Expected value per unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Straight (one number) | 1 | 2.70% | 35:1 | 1 in 37 | -2.70% |
| Dozen (1st, 2nd or 3rd 12) | 12 | 32.43% | 2:1 | 1 in 3.1 | -2.70% |
| Column | 12 | 32.43% | 2:1 | 1 in 3.1 | -2.70% |
| Red or black | 18 | 48.65% | 1:1 | 1 in 2.1 | -2.70% |
| Odd or even | 18 | 48.65% | 1:1 | 1 in 2.1 | -2.70% |
| 1–18 or 19–36 | 18 | 48.65% | 1:1 | 1 in 2.1 | -2.70% |
What martingale on red does
Red wins 48.65% of spins and pays 1:1, which is why martingale is usually demonstrated on it: a win recovers every previous loss plus one base bet. The plan survives k losses where base × (2^k − 1) ≤ bankroll. With 1,000 and a 10 base that is 6 losses; the 7th is the wall.
| Spins in session | P(a run of 7 non-reds) | Wins per cycle | Loss at the wall |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 19.2% | 10 | 1,000 |
| 200 | 60.4% | 10 | 1,000 |
| 1,000 | 99.1% | 10 | 1,000 |
The simulator models Dice, so run martingale at 48.65% to match red's probability. Be aware it flatters the wheel: Dice at that chance pays 2.035× where red pays 2×, so the simulator's return on turnover reads about −1% while the real wheel reads −2.70%. The shape of the ruin curve is the same. Compare flat betting and d'Alembert on the same settings.
Covering the table (red plus the first two dozens, say) does not help: each chip has expected value −1/37, and expected values add. Betting on “due” numbers or colours assumes memory the wheel does not have; each spin is a fresh float. The Dice page shows the same arithmetic on a game that only takes 1%.
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Questions
- Which roulette bet has the best odds?
- They are all the same on a single-zero wheel: every bet returns 97.30% of the stake on average, a 2.70% house edge. A straight number wins 1 in 37 and pays 35:1; red wins 48.65% of spins and pays 1:1. Probability times total payout comes to 36/37 in both cases. The zero is the entire edge: it is the pocket that no even-money, dozen or column bet covers.
- Does martingale on red work?
- It changes when you lose, not whether. With a 1,000 bankroll and 10 base the plan covers 6 losses; the 7th loss in a row (probability 0.94% per streak) empties it. That streak appears in 60% of 200-spin sessions and 99% of 1,000-spin sessions. Each cycle that completes wins 10; the wall loses the lot, and the average stays at −2.70% of everything staked.
- Why is roulette worse than the other games here?
- Because the edge is set by the wheel, not by a formula. The other games take 1% off a fair payout. Roulette pays the classic table odds (35:1, 2:1, 1:1) on 37 pockets, one of which is the zero, so the edge is 1/37 = 2.70% on every bet. A double-zero wheel would make it 5.26%; this one has a single zero.
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Last reviewed 2026-09-27